As a freelancer in Portugal, it is essential to understand the tax laws and regulations to ensure that you are compliant and able to maximize your earnings. In this article, I will guide you through the taxation system for freelancers in Portugal, the types of taxes you need to pay, how to register for tax purposes, deductions and allowances, tax deadlines, penalties for non-compliance, and tips for managing your tax affairs as a freelancer.
Introduction to freelancing in Portugal
Freelancing in Portugal is becoming increasingly popular due to the flexibility it offers. As a freelancer, you are your own boss and can choose the projects you work on and the clients you work with. However, freelancers are responsible for their own taxes and social security contributions.
Taxation for freelancers in Portugal
Freelancers in Portugal are subject to the same tax laws as other self-employed individuals. The tax system is based on a self-assessment regime, which means you are responsible for calculating and paying your taxes. The tax year in Portugal runs from January to December.
Types of taxes freelancers need to pay in Portugal
There are several types of taxes that freelancers in Portugal need to pay. These include:
Income tax
Freelancers in Portugal are subject to Personal Income Tax (PIT), which is a progressive tax based on your income. The tax rates range from 14.5% to 48%, depending on your income level. Under the NHR scheme, foreign-sourced income is exempt from personal income tax in Portugal, provided some requirements are met under the scheme’s rules. In addition, Portuguese-sourced income may be subject to a flat tax of 20% if the activity carried out by the digital nomad is deemed as a high-added-value activity.
Value-added tax (VAT)
If you provide services or sell goods, you may also need to raise Value-added tax (VAT) on your invoices to Portuguese and non-Portuguese clients. The standard VAT rate in Portugal is 23%. However, should you be a freelancer in Madeira, the VAT is 22%. VAT exemptions are available under the reverse-charge mechanism (provided conditions are met) if you invoice to EU and non-EU clients.
Social security contributions
Freelancers in Portugal must also pay social security contributions twelve months after registration as a freelancer. The monthly contribution basis for self-employees corresponds to 1/3 of the relevant remuneration determined in each reporting period and produces effects in that month and the following two months.
To determine the relevant remuneration of the self-employed, it is considered the income received in the three months before the reporting month. The appropriate remuneration corresponds to 70% of the income concerning the services rendered. The contribution base considered for each month has a maximum limit of 12 times the value of the Portuguese Social Index (IAS), up to a maximum of €14808,93 per year.
How to register as a freelancer for tax purposes
To register as a freelancer for tax purposes in Portugal, you need to obtain a tax identification number (NIF) and register with the tax authorities (Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira). You can do this online, in person at a tax office (serviço de finanças) or through a service provider such as MCS.
Once you have registered, you will need to keep records of all your income and expenses and file a tax return (Declaração de IRS) each year. You can do this online using the e-fatura system or download the form from the tax authority’s website.
In any case, all income generated as a freelancer must be invoiced through a Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira-approved invoicing software.
Deductions and allowances for freelancers in Portugal
Freelancers in Portugal can claim several deductions and allowances to reduce their taxable income. These include:
Business expenses
Freelancers can deduct business expenses, such as office rent, equipment, and supplies, from their taxable income. All expenses must be related to the business activity that the freelancer carries out.
Personal deductions
Freelancers can also claim personal deductions, such as contributions to a pension plan, health insurance premiums, and education expenses.
Simplified regime and tax as a freelancer
Freelancers with income up to €200.000 per year can opt for the simplified regime, which allows them to deduct a flat rate of 25% of their income from their taxable income. Those exceeding €200.000 in income must have organized accounting and, therefore, should hire a board-certified accountant to assist them in determining their profits and losses.
Tax deadlines and payment options
Freelancers in Portugal must file their tax return by the 30th of June each year. If you are registered for VAT, you must also submit quarterly VAT returns.
Several tax settlement options are available, including bank transfer, direct debit, and payment at a tax office.
Penalties for non-compliance with tax regulations
Non-compliance with tax regulations can result in penalties and fines. The tax authorities can impose fines for late or incorrect filing of tax returns, failure to register for tax purposes, and failure to pay taxes on time.
Tips for managing tax as a freelancer in Portugal
To manage your tax affairs as a freelancer in Portugal, it is crucial to keep accurate records of all your income and expenses, file your tax returns on time, and seek professional advice if you are unsure about any aspect of the tax system.
You should also budget for your tax payments and set aside monthly money to cover your tax obligations.
Seeking professional help for tax matters
If you struggle to manage your tax affairs as a freelancer in Portugal, it may be worth seeking professional help. A tax advisor or accountant can help you navigate the tax system, comply with the regulations, and maximize your earnings.
Navigating tax as a freelancer in Portugal can be daunting, but with the proper knowledge and support, you can manage your tax affairs and maximize your earnings. By understanding the types of taxes you need to pay, registering for tax purposes, claiming deductions and allowances, meeting tax deadlines, and seeking professional help when necessary, you can ensure that you are compliant with the regulations and able to focus on your freelance work.
Miguel Pinto-Correia holds a Master Degree in International Economics and European Studies from ISEG – Lisbon School of Economics & Management and a Bachelor Degree in Economics from Nova School of Business and Economics. He is a permanent member of the Order of the Economists (Ordem dos Economistas)… Read more
